Herbert Clark Hoover (1874–1964) was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929–33. Born in Iowa and orphaned at the age of 11, he spent the remainder of his childhood living with relatives in Oregon. He enrolled at Stanford University in the year it opened, studying engineering from 1891–95. During World War I, President Woodrow Wilson named Hoover head of the US Food Administration. After the war, he became a member of the Supreme Economic Council and head of the American Relief Administration, delivering aid to Europe and Russia. After serving as Secretary of Commerce under President Warren G. Harding, he was elected to the presidency in 1928. Months after his inauguration, the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression. Four years later, with the nation in economic turmoil, Hoover lost the presidential election to Franklin D. Roosevelt.